tourism Landmarks in india - Taj Mahal

Indian architectural landmark is located in Accra, is one of the biggest evidence of the arts and architecture in the Mughal era. The shrine was built to commemorate the anniversary of the "Erjohnmd Bannu Bacam", which is known as the "Mumtaz Mahal", the wife of Sultan has Concubine "Shah Jahan". Died in 1631 AD near her husband, during one of the military campaigns.

Construction

It took twenty years and the recruitment of more than twenty thousand men to build this unique teacher. The height of the shrine (the main building) 73 m, engraved with verses from the Koran, and some outstanding graphics, which is considered a reference for the study the art of painting in India during the Mughal era. The shrine stands on a square platform, and on each side of which a circular beacon. To his right was built a small mosque

, And to the left stands a building said to him, "answer", Find the balance (with the mosque) in the general shape of the shrine.

tourism Landmarks in Istanbul - Castle Yedikule

The Castle Yedikule Yedikule Hisari of Istanbul's historic landmarks that are worth the visit actually, because of its historical significance, where built by Emperor Theodosius II Theodosius II in the fifth century with the intention of defending Constantinople.

Of the most notable things in this castle is a giant golden arch, which was known as Porta Aurea any Golden Gate being gold-plated.

When the Ottomans conquered the city used the castle as a fortress for the defense, and then as a prison.

Yedikule restoration restored in recent years to be the day a prominent tourist attraction in Istanbul, tourists flock to him for his position on the great history and rise to the terraces and enjoy the wonderful views across the Sea of ​​Marmara.

tourism Landmarks in Istanbul - Sultan Ahmed Mosque

Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Blue Mosque is located in the city of Istanbul in Turkey and is located exactly in the Sultanahmet Square and can be reached by subway. It is a stunning collector in his building and its lights at night is one of the largest and most important mosques in Turkey and the Islamic world and is situated opposite the Hagia Sophia Museum.
The mosque was built between the years: 1018 1020 AH / 1609 1616 AD by one on a Alnoakecat doors. Engineer Muhammad Agha months after the Turkish architects Sinan Pasha and Dawood Agha. The mosque is located south and east of the Hagia Sophia, the Byzantine old racecourse. It has a high fence surrounds it on three sides, and in the wall five-door, three of which lead to the courtyard of the mosque and two to the prayer hall.
Dish consists of a large courtyard, and mediates saucer Midhat al-mounted six hexagonal columns, larger doors that lead to the saucer showing the vulnerability of Persian art.
Inside the mosque, in the form of a rectangular longitudinal rib 64 m and 72 m and Ttosth large dome Ihvha four half-dome, and every corner of the mosque is covered Bakbb small, a large number of windows implementing light.
Tops of the mosque six minarets met difficulties in construction, as it was the Grand Mosque contains a six minarets and met Sultan Ahmed Cash heavily on the idea of ​​minarets six, but around this problem, funded the construction of the minaret seventh in the Grand Mosque to be a mosque only mosque in Turkey, which contains six minarets.

tourism Landmarks in Istanbul - Porte

Porte (Toپ Qپo [1] in Turkish) is located in Istanbul in Turkey was the center of power in the Ottoman Empire from 1465 m to 1853 m.
Use the palace, which is located in Istanbul, administrative center of the Ottoman Empire over the last 400 years of its history of 600 years. He who lives by the palace Asalatian Ottomans. And where he was staying across the ages of nearly 4,000 people.
Palace was built Toپ Qaپy order of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror in 1478, was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire nearly 380 years until the construction of the Sultan Abdul Majid Palace "Doulmh Bagjh", and became the official residence of the Sultans Alosmanin. The area of ​​the palace, which was 700,000 square meters when construction became the 80,000 m.
The Palace was evacuated Toپ Qaپy Saray with the beginning of life in the palace, "Doulmh Bagjh," Palace "Yildiz Saray" and other shortcomings. However, the Toپ Qaپy Saray held under its importance throughout the ages, even after leaving the residence of the Ottoman sultans. The visit, which was the Sultan and his family are doing in the month of Ramadan every year for the Palace, the sacred deposit interest paid attention to him and his annual maintenance work.
Has initiated the Fatih Sultan Mehmet in its construction in 1465 AD, was the opening of the Palace Toپ Qaپy Saray as a museum for the first time in the era of Abdul Majeed, where he exhibited holdings in treasury palace on the British ambassador. And became the usual display of holdings palace and things in the Treasury to foreigners, and in the reign of Sultan Abdul Aziz was the work of glass display shelves "Vatrinat" was employed to display holdings palace where the foreigners. The thought of Sultan Abdul Hamid that opens the palace Toپ Qaپy Saray for public visits and closes on Sundays and Tuesdays, but the overthrow of the throne prevented it.
The palace was opened to public visit in April 3, 1924 AD, by order of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the gas and was followed by the Directorate of Museums ancient palace has embarked on the provision of services on behalf of the Treasury Katakhda in the beginning and then later the Treasury Department. Today, work is being b: Toپ Qaپy Saray as the "Directorate of Museums Toپ Qaپy Saray".
Toپ Qaپy Saray opened for the visit as a museum on October 19, 1924, and the sections that have been opened for the visit are: the six domes, show room, Majidiyah Palace, room wise Pasha, Pasha Musdvy Palace, Palace of Baghdad.
Vakasr which it currently attracting a great tourist crowds in 1985, came at the head of historical monuments, which included a half history of Istanbul, in addition to that UNESCO included it in the list of global effects and is currently open as a museum.

Built [edit]
After entering the Sultan Mehmed II Mehmed or to Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, which later became the capital of a huge empire, established this authority between 1475-1478 New Palace in Istanbul, and then added to the Sultan Ahmed III in 1709 AD suites launched the name Brick Capi, and after burning the palace and renovated dubbed Palace Brick Capi, and continued to be the palace of the Sultan and his entourage and his family and wives, as well as a place formally to receive guests and visitors, has been the creation of this palace in 1874 AD dimensions (210 × 30 meters), It was built of stone, brown color, which is a group of buildings which has courtyards and corridors of movement and green areas, and the Palace main entrance consists of two pillars replay resemble the lighthouse called (the door of the cannon), up 15.2 meters and a width of 15.5 meters, between the Golden Horn and the Sea Marmara.
Center referee [edit]
The palace was the center of government for the Ottoman sultans and was named all regions used to refer to the Sultan.


Snapshot internal
Museum [edit]
This consists palace from several wings serve various events, where the wing Testament, and wing mother of Sultan, and the Office of the Sultan and his ministers, as well as wing Per wife of the wives of the Sultan, in addition to the museum for gifts that given away to the Sultan, and an arena for the celebrations, and suites guards and servants.
The palace has been converted into a museum and is a wonderful example of Ottoman architecture and there is a huge variety of porcelain, robes, weapons and pictures of the Ottoman sultans, manuscripts, jewelry and treasures of the Ottoman sultans in addition to the thrones.
There is room palace secretariats holy transferred from Medina Aban Arab Revolt and there are traces of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, and his sword and Asath tooth and part of his hair and one of his speeches in addition to the swords of the Companions and the keys of the Kaaba.

Sources :

"Center of power of the Ottoman Empire" was reached on June 4, 2011 AD. 

"Alotlassah trips" to peremptory Hallam: Europe (in English) 119, Londra: a series of educational books Barron, ISIN 7641-6168 Date accessed September 28, 2010 for "life 4,000 per person in one place at the Palace of Toپ Qaپy Saray". 

About brief historical mansion Toپ Qaپy Saray "reached Patarrkh 19 May 

Periodic reports 2006 (pdf) mechanism was reached on September 17.

tourism Landmarks in Italy - Colosseum

Colosseum [6] or the Colosseum or Alclausam or so-called runway Alflavi (Latin: Ampatrum Flavium) and (in Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), [7] is a giant Roman amphitheater is located in the center of the city of Rome, [8] [9] [10 ] was built to the east of the Roman Forum, and date back construction to the era of Empire Romania in the first century, between 70 and 72 AD under the rule of Emperor Flavio Vspazian, [11] and was completed mainly in 80 during the reign of Titus, [12] [13 ] [14] However, it has added a few amendments in the reign of Domitian. [15] has been building the runway largest in the world of concrete and stones, [16] [17] [18] and is listed as the larger-built Empire Romania, where is considered one Business of the greatest architectural and engineering Romania. [8] and printed a picture of the Colosseum on a piece of the 5 cents from the Italian version. [16] [19]
Called the Colosseum runway Alflavi in honor of the dynasty emperors Alflavih established this runway, and came to be called after the name of the Colosseum proportion to the statue of Nero's huge which was located next to it. [20] [21] [22] The arena is used in fighting gladiators and contests mass [23] [24], such as naval battles moot and hunting animals [25] and death [26] and re-enact the famous battles and dramas which were based on classical mythology, [9], [27] where a capacity of 50,000 to 80,000 people in the stands, consisting of eight rows. [28 ] [29] was sitting in the foreground near the arena sand emperor and members of the Senate, while he was sitting at the top of the lower classes of society. [30] continued opening ceremony 100 days, where she participated classes Romanian people whole in that event, and he died during the ceremony dozens of gladiators and beasts who sacrificed their lives in order to have fun and entertain people, [23] has helped sailors in tents that were pious onlookers strong sunlight. [8] stops the building for use for presentations mass in the early Middle Ages. [30] later , was used as a shelter and factories and the headquarters of the religious system and the Castle and quarry. It was extracting building materials are abundant for the construction of other buildings from under the ruins, but then turned to shrine Christian, in honor of the prisoners who were killed during the early years of Christianity. [31] has helped this procedure to protect the building from looting and ensure the maintenance.
Colosseum stands as a monument to the genius of engineered Dalla Engineering Romania, in addition to it was regarded as a powerful tool in controlling the crowds, was an impressive display in a manner consistent with the dominance of Rome to the world. [28] Although heavily damaged structure by earthquakes, but it I always look at the Colosseum as a symbol of the empire Romania and witness to the example of Romanian architecture. The Colosseum is one of the sites most popular attractions in Rome, modern, and is still closely tied to the Catholic Church, which is headed by the Pope's Way of the Cross on Good Friday. [32] [33] The historic center of Rome and the Holy See to areas outside the region in Italy. Quoted chosen a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1980. [34] In July 7, 2007, also included the runway within the new Seven Wonders of the world, [2] [9] after a competition organized by New World Foundation NOWC. [16] [35] [36] [37] revealed the Colosseum for more hidden treasures after the cleaning process and wide area closed decades ago, has revealed the cleaners for Mural vivid colors vibrant back to nearly 2,000 years. [38]

Sort seats [edit]
Accommodate the Colosseum from 50,000 to 80,000 people. [62] [66] was arranged terraced hierarchically in accordance with the social pyramid to the people of Rome; the fore front of the runway and near the arena sand there was a platform are booked in the name of the emperor and members of the Senate, where the Romans were may have dug their names on the seats reserved for them. The other sections of stone floors the second, third and fourth were distributed from the bottom toward the ring to the top of the order in social class; where he was sitting on the second floor layer nobles and knights, who are the business class in Roman society, and they were sitting on the nine terraces of layered marble; The the third and fourth floor, was sitting ordinary citizens from the rest of the people, and they were Mtktlin over each other in about 20 or 30 terrace. This was the original size of the runway in the reign of Emperor Vspazian, but the son of the Emperor Titus to work on the completion of the runway and the building floor fifth of wooden bases, and allowed time for women who have allowed them to Emperor Augustus to enter the theater, which was built specially for the layers of poverty in Roman society. The Colosseum serves as a microcosm of the hierarchy of the Roman strata of society at that time, was the place where the person is living that determines its position in the hierarchy of society. [66]


Colosseum from the inside of another perspective.
Arena [edit]


Panoramic image of the Colosseum from the top.
As much as the length of the arena sand 83 meters (280 feet) and displayed 48 meters (163 feet). [49] which is a wooden floor Tgchaha sand, leaving the scene of origin, but little, it is still clear milestones at the same time. [68] it was composed of a network of two-level underground tunnels and cages where the processing is done gladiators and animals before the start of competitions. [69] was out eighty aerated vertical we can instant access to animal cages hidden under the ground of the arena; [60] in addition to the platforms stand large , which facilitates the entry of elephants and the like in size. The restructured in several Manasat, up to twelve stage at the very least. [12]
The region is connected to the bottom of the underground scene through a network of underground tunnels to a number of points outside the Colosseum. He is brought to the animals and performers through the tunnels near the stables, as he is bring gladiators from their barracks in Lloyds Magnus, a school for gladiators in ancient Rome lies to the east a few meters away from the Colosseum, through the tunnels. [67] while he was being allocated some tunnels separate allow the entry and exit of the emperor and his entourage without having to pass through the crowds. [49] and there were large quantities of machines, where they found equipment hoisting pulleys and props, which was flying animals in Oagafasm to the surface to let them go in the arena to start competitions and fighting. [63] Add to the existence of evidence that confirms the existence of a large hydraulic cranes, according to old accounts, it was possible to flood the arena sand quickly, and presupposes the existence of this call via the bridge close to him. [49]
The use of the Colosseum [edit]
Ancient, Colosseum was used in the Proposals fighting gladiators and contests mass [24] and hunting and fighting between prisoners and animals, [70] and the execution of prisoners [26] and naval battles moot and reenactments of famous battles and dramas that were based on classical mythology. [9] [27] at the present time, he shall be deemed Shrine tourist most attractive to foreign tourists. [71] [72] and range from entry ticket per person between 10 and 50 euros, but admission is free for individuals less than 18-year-old and greater than the 65-year-old citizen of the European Union. In the summer of 2010, opened a network of underground passages, which were used to transport wild animals and gladiators into the ring after making some repairs on them.
Imperial era [edit]


Roman mosaic displays and entertainment in the first century, at the Museum of Libya in Tripoli, Libya.
Held the runway near Althmthal Bronze Emperor Nero burned Rome, and that was it as compensation to her family for the injustice done to them after confiscation of their land by Nero. [73] and called the Colosseum proportion to the statue, which was standing upright next to him in the form of the sun god and up 38 meters. [74] and the stadium was dedicated as a place to organize the games that describe the severity and cruelty, where it was used in the violent conflicts between humans and each other or between humans and animals, and that was the end the killing of one of the parties. It was these games are organized by members of the imperial family, which was to allow all the inhabitants of Rome freely accessed free of charge. It was possible to enter the building through its gates eighty leading to the terraces. [34] and also that the building was composed of four floors above the ground, was the last floor dedicated to the sitting of the lower classes of the common people and women; The earliest floors of the yard sand was reserved for the emperor and the elite and prominent figures in Roman society at the time. And use Alebatrh Colosseum to entertain the public and busy them games that were a symbol of prestige and power of the emperors and the means to increase their popularity. [28] were the matches taking place for the whole day or even for several consecutive days, they start with the business of comedy and followed by a display of some of the rare animals and exotic, and conclude battles between animals and gladiators , or between wrestlers each other, and that was the end the killing of one of the parties, and these fighters were usually slaves, prisoners of war or criminals. [34] [62]
The restoration of the Colosseum first at the hands of the emperor Antoninus Pius in 217. [75] and had this emperor convinced of the importance of the building and how it relates to on Empire Romania, therefore, urged everyone to write and add more facts and information, reference and research for schools and colleges for the Colosseum and prestige, and that was what its content the building of historical facts and valuable information about the lives of the people of ancient Rome. [76] in his reign, broke out a fire in the runway, was caused by lightning, [77] and resulted in the fire collapse structures upper and wooden floor inside the amphitheater. [34] and took the restoration of the Colosseum for nearly five years. from 217 to 222. during this period, the games have been moved to the Circus Maximus. And began repair work under the rule of Emperor Il Mount, [78] and was carried out by Khalifa Emperor Alexander Severus - after the assassination of I. and the new corridors. [79] and the re-opening of the building in 222. not be repaired entirely up to the year 240, was to continue restored between 250 and 252, and again in 320 and recorded the inscriptions indicating the establishment of renovations to the building by the Emperor Theodosius II [80] and Valentineyan III, [81], who ruled from 425 to 450, and was probably on the back of repair damages left by an earthquake in 443 ; [82] has been restoration work between the years 484 and 508. [34]
Took the leader Visigoth Alaric first decision to storm the city of Rome on August 24, 410 [83] [84] During the intrusion died Alaric and was succeeded by his sister's husband Otolv who approved the request of the Emperor Honorius to leave Italy versus that given the Goths territory of Iberia and Aquitaine. [85] and after the occupation Rome, found an inscription on the platform surrounding the arena Dalla gracing the Emperor Honorius, who has re-restoration of the building, and forbade the establishment of Honorius games skin and violence. Since then, it has become the runway used in the distribution of veins and bonuses. Later, he was to cancel the registration in Alkolseyoum and limiting it to rewrite major restoration work which has after an earthquake in 442, and so by the governor of the city of Alba Flavius​​. Continued using the building for nearly 500 years, with the last recorded battle in history between the conflicting parties in the year 435; while hunting KEEP until the year 523; With recorded last games held in the sixth century in the sandy courtyard, after the traditional date of the fall of the Empire, who is believed to Romania Bank in 476, where it was to prevent the Colosseum Mnazlat final. [34] [86]
Middle Ages [edit]
Over the following periods spanning six centuries, the building stones used in the construction of houses by the inhabitants of the city who have taken from the corridors and halls of the Colosseum place of residence for them. It was the use of part of the arena building in Castle Frangianni noble family. During the Middle Ages to the Renaissance and the Baroque, remained Colosseum users by the ruling families in Rome and the popes who used Hgrath in buildings of their own. [34] In this way, been preserved, especially the external interface archaeological consisting of four floors and located on the northern half. It has been severely damaged building during seismic years 847 and 1349. [82] In the eighteenth century, specifically between 1749 and 1750 during the reign of Pope Benedict XIV, [34] [87] became the Colosseum is the place that has been devoted to commemorate the martyrs, [88 ] [89] and then been preserved on the Colosseum. [90]

Sources :

1. ^ http://www.statistica.beniculturali.it/Visitatori_e_introiti_musei_12.htm
2. ^ Roma anuncia inicio de restauración de su Coliseo
3. ^ Patrimonio mundial.. Coliseo Romano

tourism Landmarks in Italy - Pantheon

Alپantyon (Greek Πάνθειον Latin Pantheon and the Temple of all the gods mean) building in Rome was originally built as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome. It is the best archaeological Roman building in terms of conservation, and perhaps the best preserved building from that era in the world. The building remained in continuous use throughout its history. Believes that the design of the building dates back to the architect Emperor Trajan Ibolodros Damascus Apollodorus of Damascus, but equally could be the construction and design thanks to the Emperor Hadrian's engineers or architects. Since the seventh century Christian church used the building. He is now the oldest building still standing dome in Rome. [1]
Contents [hide]
1 Pantheon
2 rebuild the Pantheon by Adriano
3 features
3.1 Albroonaws
3.2 Authority intermediate
4 Photo Gallery
5 References
6 sources
Pantheon [edit]
Piranesi04.jpg

Pantheon Agrippa.jpg

M · AGRIPPA · L · F · COS · TERTIVM · FECIT This is the inscription that can be read on a frieze in the entrance hallway. Commends this building is attributed to Marco Babassanao Ajeriba, he is a friend and the commander of the Emperor Augustus and smelting. According to the consulate to third Ojeriba in 27 BC. In addition, Dion Casio located between Ojeriba work in the area of ​​Rome known as Marta in the field of 25 after birth. [2]
For centuries it was thought that this inscription refers to the current building, and I was after investigations carried out by the Acedany in the 19th century knew that in fact been destroyed Temple Ojeriba and what is jewelery is rebuilding was in the era of Adriano. Has allowed us the latest discoveries in the 19th century that the original temple was carrying similarities with the current temple portico .van this was originally a front for Temple hooped Balsoary.
The temple was the first rectangle, with squares arranged transversely, as is the case in the Temple of Concord in the Roman Forum, or peopIe small temple on a hill Kambidouglao. It was built of limestone blocks and lined with marble. It is also known that the hooks were of bronze and decor were also front of statues and columns in the form of a woman. In the hallway, we find paths inside statues of Augustus and Ojeriba.
By Dion Casio learned that Panthéon was not the real name of the building and that the destination of Ojeriba is to create a cult of ancestral, and perhaps dedicated to the protection of the children of Julia: Mars and Venus and the deified Julius Qbar.okadd the building was to many of the damages due to the fire in the year 80, which has been repaired Domethyano before, but exposure to new destruction during the reign of Trajano in the year 110.
Rebuild the Pantheon by Adriano [edit]
Dehio 1 Pantheon Floor plan.jpg

In the era of Adrianom rebuild this building entirely. This name did not appear in the inscriptions of Emperor because of his refusal to diagnose his name in the business carried out in the period of his rule, it is quite different from his predecessor Travano .oukd found that the bookmarks in the bricks are compatible with 123-125 years, which suggests that the temple was inaugurated by the Emperor during the residence in the capital between 125 and 128.aly although no one knows for sure who is the architect, but it is usually attributed to projects Abulodoro Damascus.
It also changed the direction of the temple and placed the former main façade to the north. This was made ​​up of a row of mini-columns as a hallway, and also a yard wide and round medium prismatic structure. He has served quite large porch and building united with the former arena area of ​​the temple, when it was built cabin in the yard field Augustan Pantheon, which separated from the Church of Neptune. Has been commends the yard of the corridors on three aspects in front of this temple and paving panels of limestone.
Features [edit]
The building of a large round room adjacent to the temple is a classic arcade innovation in architecture Alromagnh.kan model uses circular area covered by the basement at the same time almost in rooms large heat, but it was a new use in Almabd.vkan important that clearly shows the effect of surprise once the crossing of the threshold of the doorway.
He considered building a dome over a circular cylinder, a model of a building in the Aelloukt.alvdhae internal rotation consists of a cylinder covered with row ball. The height of the cylinder is equal to the radius, and the total height equal to the diameter, so you can engage in the full range of space Aldakhalah.oabulg diameter dome is 43.44 meters (150 feet), making it the largest concrete dome in terms of the bloc in history. Dome was built St. Peter's Basilica slightly smaller.
Albroonaws [edit]


Cover Albroonaws
Albroonaws consists of eight columns on the front, and four columns on both sides, and display 34,20 X15, 62 m, 1.32 m above the level of the arena, so that it is accessible by climbing five Khtoat.abulg total height of 14.15 m and a 1.48 m Qtaralomayh from the base.
Frieze containing inscriptions from Ojeriba letters of bronze. It has recently been recording some of the inscriptions related to the movement of restoration, which has in the era of Septimius Severus [3] on the crossbar Alrakzh on the columns. At home there are two rows of four columns divide the space into three naves, and the center, which leads to access to a large gate up to the scene, while the two sides to end Mihraban carrying two large statues of Caesar Augustus and Ojeriba, moved from the old building. These columns were made ​​of gray granite (in front) or red, and that of the Egyptian quarries .ccant also arcades around the square of red granite, but of smaller dimensions. The Corinthian capitals, and the rules and interlocking elements of marble affected Greece. Has been replaced by the last column of the east side, which lost in the fifteenth century, another from the gray granite in the era of Alexander VII. As has been replaced by a column of the eastern end of the facade last column of red granite under the supervision of Pope Urban VIII. With this modification have been trading the original colors.
The ceiling datum by wooden supports, based on the structure of the wall of the support brackets in Alomayh.tm by the formation of the original cover by the pillars of bronze, with formations shaped U, depending on the description Andrea Bayadio. In one of the stories were told they had been robbed by Pope Urban VII, where is establishing it for the manufacture of a hundred gun for the Castle of St. Angelo. Another version says that Pope Urban VIII Kdomr establishment roof of bronze, which was used in the umbrella of the San Pedro.kan pavement of colored marbles, which put in circles and boxes.
Authority intermediate [edit]


Elevation and section
Been body building middleware, which connects with the gallery scene in the work of bricks and tiles, and consists of two large levers Mmelthaktin Balsahh.vhzh arcades surround the corridor leading to the rotor, which is considered an extension of the center wing corridors. On the other hand, there is between the columns and the scene of some of the remaining space occupied by the two types of stairs that lead to the top of the dome.

tourism Landmarks in Italy - Leaning Tower of Pisa

Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) is the bell tower of the Cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, was supposed to be a tower vertically but began rods forever after building in August 1173 AD shortly. Located next to the Cathedral of Pisa "Square miracles" piazza dei Miracoli.
Tower of Pisa is located in the city of Pisa in Italy mandate of Tuscany, seemed built in 1175 AD, and its construction lasted 174 years, and known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa to the presence of Milan and its deviation from the vertical plane. Consists of eight floors built of white marble Roman-style, up 54.5 meters and has a drawer built into the walls consists of 300 degrees, (currently equipped with a lift).
The tendency is clearly visible where is about 18 feet (inclination more than five degrees), and said that the reason for this inclination is looseness and a decline in soil based upon the tower. The back of this Milan since the early stages of building this tower, but the architects have continued to build on the basis of the same inclination, and in 1275 AD, when they were building the combined fourth and fifth of the tower tried Architects moving center of gravity of the tower in order to avoid AC Milan, but it seems they did not succeed so, and even now taking place attempts to stop the tilt and the establishment of the pillars of dolly. Since 1990, in the last century closed the tower and prevent tourists from climbing because of the collapse of the gallery at every moment. Height of the tower is 55 meters above the ground. The estimated mass of 14,500 tons. The current tendency is estimated at 5.5 degrees, and the tower 294 degrees.
Tower of Pisa has been associated with the world famous Italian Galileo Galilei Galilei and experience for accelerating ground.
Date [edit]
The establishment of the tower began in August 8, 1173 AD. And after the construction of the third floor in 1178, the tower money and stopped construction work of a century. In 1272 AD, was the construction of four additional floors in order to modify the angle of inclination. Business and stopped again in 1301. In the last built in 1372 decks and put the bell in the tower.
There is disagreement about the identity of the architect who built the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For years it was considered the architect Bonanno Pisano, which was built, a renowned artist of the twelfth century of Pisa, famous bronze his works, especially in the Cathedral of Pisa. Construction of the tower, which start in 1174 by Bonanno Pisano, and was completed after a long pause at the hands of Giovanni Pisano was in the second half of the fourteenth century by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano.
Told that the Galileo Galilei dropped two balls (cannon) women with different blocks of the tower to clarify that the speed of their fall does not depend on Ktlhma. This story, although it is on the lips of a pupil of Galileo, is considered wrong broadly.
Benito Mussolini ordered that the tower to be placed horizontal, and was pouring cement foundations. The result was unexpected and made the tower dive more into the soil.
During World War II, the American army has destroyed all the towers in Pisa almost, out of fear of the possibility of snipers in the towers. The bombing was the Tower of Pisa is also planned; but the decision came at the last minute to pull the tower saved from destruction.
In February 27, 1964, asked the Italian government aid to prevent the tower from falling. Was appointed a multilateral group of engineers, mathematicians and historians gathered at the Azores islands to discuss how to install it. After several decades of research and work on the subject, has been closed the tower to visitors in January 1990 after a decade of efforts to patch installation has been re-opened the doors to visitors on December 15, 2001 has been proposed many ways to install the tower, including the addition of 800 metric tons of lead Kthagl high versus the party or from the base of the tower. The ultimate solution to correct the inclination was removing 38 cubic meters of soil from under the party of the high base of the tower. The tower was declared "stable" for the next three hundred years at least. At least two people jumped from the tower using umbrellas (parachute) are Mike McCarthy in the August 5, 1988 and (Boston Globe on August 6, 1988) and Arne Arthus in the February 1, 2000.
Information Technology [edit]


View of the tower from the bottom up
Latitude: 43.7167 (43 ° 43 '0 "N)
Longitude: 10.3833 (10 ° 22 '60 "E)
Altitude: almost 2 meters.
Height: 55.863 meters (185 feet). 8 floors.
Outer diameter of the base: 15.484 meters
Inner diameter of the base: 7.368 meters
Mass: 14,700 metric tons
The thickness of the walls at the base: 8 feet
The direction of Milan: 1173-1250 North, South 1272-1997
The total number of bells: 7, listed on the musical scale
Largest bell: L'Assunta (The Assumption) mass three and a half tons status in 1655.
The oldest bell: Pasquarreccia.
The number of degrees to the bell tower: 294

Big Ben

Big Ben (in English: Big Ben) (pronounce Baگ bin) famous in London, began work June 3, 1859, because of its name to the shortcut name Ibnajamin Hall and Minister of Works then British, who oversaw the implementation of the project time and design of its tower, and the longer time, which weighs about 12.5 tons and installed in the Tower of London of the most important monuments that tourists keen to visit.

Months, a device for measuring the time in the world, and is considered one of the most important monuments that tourists keen to visit in Britain. Has overseen the implementation and design of its tower and the Minister of Works British Benjamin Hall, Benjamin Hall at the time, and what was Benjamin huge body, they call him the title of Big Ben, has been named in his honor on the bell at the huge and later to include time itself, and began work time since June 3 1859 m.

The time is famous for its accuracy in measuring finite time, and is considered a symbol of the ticking global timing, and weighs Jursha about thirteen tons, and the total length of Akrbhe 9 and 14 feet. There is time in the tower of St. Stephan in the northern part of the parliament building in a circle and Westminster in the British capital, and the clock tower 320 feet in length.

He has designed Edmund time I cried, and manufacture of Edward Dent and after his death, Frederick Dent .. Since 1924 began Big Ben chimes announce the time via the radio «BBC» BBC daily. He used a lot of people around the world to hear the ticking before the BBC news bulletins.

The life time now about a century and a half century, and given the long life remain the clock in good condition, and can be exposed to a malfunction sudden visits each about seven years, and most of the incidents that have taken was simple, only one occurred in 1977, where he stopped time entirely for work The repair took a whole week. Keen maintenance team all the time to keep the pieces that make up the time exactly as it is for its historical value, which results in some breakdowns from period to period, and administrators can replace the mechanical parts of the hour with new ones, but they do not do so because the time part of the historical heritage of Britain .. it is interesting that it has happened in the day that the cessation of a number of bird starlings on the minute hand Vmnaha from moving, and delayed time on that day, and did not convey ticking over the air .. for the first time in the history of British authorities allowed the building of the British Parliament to transfer live television for an hour Beige It is the famous Ben announces the arrival of the second millennium.

Arc de Triomphe

Arc de Triomphe (in French: Arc de Triomphe) is located at the top of the arc through the Champs Elysees in Paris, France, which is decorated with tree-lined road. The Arc de Triomphe is located in the area of ​​Charles de Gaulle, formerly a star field of 12 Forum pathway. Work began at the Arc de Triomphe at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Napoleon Bonaparte and wanted a symbol commemorates victories armies Empire. However, the actual achievement in 1836 was the time of Louis Philippe Louis Philippe.
The design of the bow which has a height of 49.50 meters Engineer Chelgran on a plateau (Chaillot) to be the star center from which five major avenues, were added later, during the re-planning of the capital at the hands of Baron Haussmann boulevards seven major (1854). Interior walls bearing 660 names from the names of his military commanders, and the names of 96 of his victories. The French also established after the First World War, the grave of the unknown soldier flame permanent bow down in his honor.

Louvre Museum france

Louvre (Frnsawy: Musée du Louvre), located in of Paris, is a historic milestone, and the National Museum of France. And is located on the West right Ptall the Seine River in Paris County No. 1 and reveals the masterpiece about 35000 and the impact on an area of ​​60 600 m 2 (652 300 square feet).

Exhibits:
Elly Mona Lisa painted by Leonardo Da Vinci and the statue of "Venus de Milo" Venus de Milo from the creations of ancient Greek civilization Alant of the most important art displayed in the Louvre. And from Egypt thrills and rare antiques uniforms statue Almsterva writer and a statue of Akhenaten's.
The museum is divided into three main sections, namely: -
1 - Richelieu
2 - Solli
3 - Denon .. This section Lahu who the Mona Lisa
The museum consists of four floors ... a basement, ground floor, first floor and second floor
Museum collections:
1- effects ancient Eastern
2 ancient Egyptian arts .. the time of the Pharaohs
3 - Greek and Roman Antiquities
4 - The art of drawing
5 - sculptures
6 - artifacts
7 - Islamic Arts
8 - graphic art
9 - History of the Louvre
10 - Art of Africa, Oceania and America

Tourism in Lebanon

Tourism is one of Lebanon's most important sources of income in the state treasury, where it was since ancient times until the present time constitute the pillar of the national economy of Lebanon, and provide job opportunities for many people. Was seen to Lebanon before the civil war, as the "Switzerland of the East", where he attracts capital and foreign business and many of the tourists who want to identify the culture and habits of the population of the eastern Mediterranean.
The nature of Lebanon and its cultural diversity and historical result of the different civilizations that have passed him made ​​him a popular destination prominent foreign tourists, The country includes a number of attractions and activities that are of interest to different groups of people, there are many effects of Greek and Romanian remaining, forts and castles of Arab, Byzantine and Crusader, limestone caves, churches and mosques historically, sandy and rocky shores, cabarets, nightclubs, mountain ski resorts, in addition to the world-famous Lebanese cuisine.
There are many private investments that took the float to the surface currently in this sector to grow Taker, as she returned to the country, a lot of the global hotel companies after that she left at the beginning of the civil war. Re-opening of the "Casino du Liban" in 1996, which was a major destination for tourists during the sixties of the twentieth century. Lebanon is the only country in the Arab world that can be purposed in the winter for skiing and other winter sports, where it was to expand and renew the largest ski resort in the country, to accommodate more people and provides them with better services. Officials believe that the return of peace and stability to Lebanon, the tourism sector will come back again to be the most important sources of income for the Lebanese government. Lebanon's tourism sector depends also on the large number of Lebanese immigrants who return each year to their home country during the summer season to Aamadoh between parents and their friends.

Cultural Tourism:
Lebanon is one of the richest countries culturally, as it combines a number of features of East and West, from human settlements that date back to the Stone Age, to the cities and Petty Phoenician, and temples Romania to Rites dug in the mountains, and Crusader castles to mosques Mamluk and public baths Ottoman Empire. In doing so, some say that Lebanon is a "mosaic combining Eastern and Western world" and the "Encyclopedia of the civilizations of the ancient world of modern and old."
The history of cultural tourism is very old in Lebanon, where he visited a lot of Orientalists, scholars and poets European country for their interest in the culture and habits of the Lebanese East, notably: Alphonse de Lamartine and Ernest Renan and Victor Gorin, and those came mostly in the nineteenth century to recognize closely at the historical monuments, sites effects, traditional clothing, religious ceremonies, or pilgrimage to some holy places and shrines. Behind some of them after visiting some of the paintings and diaries.

Tourism impacts:
The history of archeology in Lebanon very old, it dates back to the reign of Almtsrvip, where he was disposed "and As Pasha" (1883-1893) was interested rulers archeological excavations. [5] has been detected many archaeological sites in Lebanon during past epochs even today, some of which have been repairing damaged during the civil war, but a lot of other sites still languishing under-populated towns and villages built on the ruins since ancient times. [6]
Museums [edit]
Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: List Museums Lebanon
Lebanon's three major museums:


National Museum of Beirut.
Beirut National Museum was established in 1937, which contains nearly 100,000 artifacts, mostly dating back to ancient times and Central, including 1,300 pieces dating to between prehistoric times to the reign of the Mamluks in the Middle Ages.
Gibran Museum: It was basically in the town of Dera human, then turned into a museum by the "Association of Friends of Gibran," in honor of the philosopher and writer, poet and painter and theologian Lebanese American Khalil Gibran. The museum contains a diary Gibran and his furniture and his personal library and his paintings. [7]
American University Museum: This museum is the third oldest museum in the Near East, which displays a number of artifacts dating back to the Stone Age up to the Islamic period. [8]
It museums other famous: Museum of Ameen Rihani - Museum Mustafa smolts - Museum and Library Catholicosate Qiliqih - Museum of Baalbek - Dahesh Museum of Art - Museum of Lebanese heritage - Museum Robert Mouawad private - Museum of Jubail Fossils - Sursock Palace - Wax Museum in Jbeil - Museum of Memory Time - soap Museum in Sidon
Religious tourism [edit]


Grand Omari Mosque, one of the oldest mosques in Beirut, Lebanon.


Church of St. John the Baptist (St. John-Marc) in Byblos, built by the Crusaders.
Lebanon is located at the crossroads for all of Europe, Asia and Africa, and is therefore located in the center of the Arab and Islamic worlds and combines Christian European cultures thus Dinatin and Asarhama in the cultural melting pot one. This shows up clearly in the Islamic monuments and ancient Christianity and which still exist even today, in addition to the customs and traditions shared between followers of the two religions, and which are still outstanding even today, although the intensity more or less depending on the degree of openness to the West and mixing with the followers of the other religion. Lebanon was a refuge for many of the religious communities of the oppressed through the ages, adding it religiously growing legacy and accumulated over many centuries manifested in a number of shrines and Christian and Muslim shrines. [9]
Is the most prominent Islamic landmarks in Lebanon, represented by a number of mosques, libraries, schools and public baths in the town of Anjar, which was founded by the Umayyads in the eighth century, and the cities of Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon. The Christian monuments are located in the most Jbeil, Jounieh, Beirut and Bkirki, and a number of areas in Mount Lebanon and the South. There are also features of the Druze religious sect, especially without the others, most of them located in the Chouf.

Craft products [edit]
Featuring craft products Lebanese beauty and artistic taste, which attracts many tourists who want to keep the commemoration for their journey to the country. Artisanal production is concentrated in the Lebanese villages and towns, where people inherited this skill from generation to generation, and make their products from local raw materials. Specialize each of the regions of the Lebanese particular type of craft production, such as basket-making, carpet weaving, pottery and ceramic pottery and copper, blacksmithing, embroidery, glass industry and the formulation of gold and silver. Characterized by some Lebanese villages also industry ornate church bells. [23]......

Sources :

1. Profile of Lebanon : Economy". The US embassy in Lebanon Site.  2008-06-10.
2. ^ Destination lebanon, Explore Culture & History in Lebanon. Retrieved on 2008-06-15
3. ^ "informations sur le Liban et le proche-orient - citations". Le journal des amis du Liban dans le monde. 7 

Palm Islands

Imagine accommodation in this destination one of the distinctive wonders of man-made on the coast of Dubai, which attracts all categories through a distinctive combination of calm and luxury. Resort and Spa Palm Dubai Onantar management provides a haven urban and a great place where you can enjoy the experience and abundant in luxury beach resort has no parallel in any other place.

Palm Jumeirah is the smallest among a group of three artificial islands in the form of palm known as "Palm Islands" in Dubai, UAE. Palm Jumeirah is designed in the form of Palm is composed of three parts: the trunk, crown and Safath 17 and surrounded by a barrier, forming a semi-circular artificial lonely sea.

Savat and maritime barrier [edit]
Savat all just residential areas and villas, while the area of maritime barrier is witnessing a huge 7 hotels and resorts giant, including the Atlantis Resort, which suggests his name to the legendary island of Atlantis, 1539 room hotel has vindicated the lead as the largest hotel in the Middle East. As evidenced Islan building skyscraper Trump Tower, which will be transformed to a parameter Dubai.

Ceremony in the arrival of the first batch of residents of the island systems "palm", the developer of the project, through the end of 2006 has brought one of the largest airships in the world, Sky Shipp 600 to Dubai. [1]
The island became the new headquarters for the world famous cruise ship RMS Queen Mary 2, which will lay permanently in the heart of a luxury marina project will be developed off the eastern trunk of Palm Jumeirah. [2]

References :
Island Michael Schumacher in Dubai, to Oxao, December 12, 2008 

^ (Fr) Michael Schumacher Island, a lush private islands, in Dubai

Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa skyscraper located in the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates and the Burj Khalifa is the tallest building built by man and world's tallest tower rising 828 meters. [4]
Its construction began in the Emirate of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, September 21, 2004, was the completion of the restructuring of State in his first of October 2009, and was officially opened on January 4, 2010, to become the highest building in the world at once rather than Taipei 101 in Taiwan.

Characteristics [edit]
Featuring the highest tower balcony Show open to the public, as well as the highest mosque, the highest restaurant, and the highest swimming pool, as well as the numbers belong to the components of the tower, which participated implemented about 12 thousand workers and engineers since the beginning of its inception in 2004 [6].
The cost of the building is about $ 1.5 billion, with a total built up area of ​​526 760 square meters, divided into 171 870 square meters of residential units and 27870 square meters of offices. 124 floor is home to about two hundred apartments in 1044 it was said that 90% of the sale, despite the impact of the global financial crisis on the real estate sector in the region, in addition to corporate and commercial activities.
NAMING Khalifa him [edit]
During the opening, announced by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, to change the name of the tower from the "Burj Dubai", to the Tower, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (head of state) and the homage to him for his efforts, and his unlimited support Dubai and other emirates in the country.
New Year celebrations [edit]
Held annually tower the night of January 1 as New Year's celebrations from which the fireworks and dancing Dubai Fountain.
Burj Khalifa numbers [edit]
The following is a collection of facts and figures about the tallest tower in the world:
Tower consists of about 200 floor, the upper floors will be manned by human activity will be concentrated in the tower up to 160 floors. [7] [8]
Will assess and work in the tower, about 12 000 people, in what looks like a "vertical city" [8].
95 km distance you can see the top of the tower of them.
No. 124 floor balcony where you are "top of the tower, the Burj Khalifa," the highest observation deck open to the public all over the world.
160 rooms and suites luxury hotel comprising the tower.
605 Omtar- altitude reached by the process of pumping the cement, a world record.
504 meters - the distance traveled by the main elevator service in the "Burj Khalifa", which is also a world record.
49 Number of floors dedicated to offices, including 12-storey office building in the Annex tower.
57 Number of lifts within the tower.
1044. the total number of apartments within the "Burj Khalifa".
-3000 Number of parking underground.
5500 Iklgram- load weight, which absorbed the main service elevator in the tower.
31400 metric tons of steel rods used in the structure of the "Burj Khalifa".
28261- number of glass panels used in the implementation of the external interface for "Burj Khalifa" and the buildings attached to it.
15000 Tr- the amount of water that can be assembled from refrigeration equipment in the tower for the purpose of re-used to irrigate the gardens.
900 Kdm- fountains along the "Dubai Fountain", the largest fountains adjacent to the tower and the tallest performing fountain in the world.
19 hectares area of ​​the gardens surrounding the base of the tower.
12000- the number of workers who were at the work site during the peak period of the implementation of the construction works.

References :

1. ^ "Dubai opens world's tallest building". Dubai: USA Today. January 2, 2010.  4 January 2010.
2. ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:^أ ب "Burj Dubai (Dubai Tower) and Dubai Mall, United Arab Emirates". designbuild-network.com.March 2009.
3. ^ Blum، Andrew (27 November 2007). "Engineer Bill Baker Is the King of Superstable 150-Story Structures". 

Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower (French: Tour Eiffel) is an iron tower has a height of 324 meters, there are in Paris, in the far north-west of the park Champ-de-Mar, near the River Seine. Created by Gustave Eiffel and his aides on the occasion of the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889, and was named tower 300 meters in the opening, it has become this origin symbol of the French capital, a tourist site first: It represents the ninth site French most visited in 2006, and is also the first teacher in terms of the number of visitors ; where the number of visitors reached 6,893 million visitors in the year 2007 who is taller 313.2 meters, remained the Eiffel Tower for a period of 41 years teacher highest in the world. Height has been increased several times install many antennas, to a height of 327 meters since 8 March 2011 used in the past in many scientific experiments, and is used today in the broadcast television and radio programs.
Description tower floor by floor [edit]
The information below describes the main technical data in each stage, and the main attractions available to visitors.
Basis [edit]
Eiffel 00.png
Tower occupies an area of ​​125 square meters along the rib, according to the terms of a contract and has a height of 1886 with 116 antenna 324 meters. The tower is located at the level of 33.5 meters above sea level.
Foundations stent [edit]
Technical data [edit]
The two pillars at the point of military school relies on a layer of concrete from two meters, which in turn is based on a bed of gravel with a total of 7 meters of drilling. The two pillars toward the Seine River are located below the level of the river. Workers work in a large metal boxes were sealed by the air pressure.
16 block of the foundation blocks supports 16 curved wooden keel to 54 degrees on the ground, which form the edges of the four pillars. Screws huge length of 7.80 meters prove spoke of molten iron, which includes anti-braking of molded steel. Where he works on the support beams. During construction, placed between the brake lever hydraulic braking and anti-skid, allowing the creation of some centimeters to one over the other, and perhaps to correct the iron bonds that regulate Vsanha. This device, was added to the fund sand box for the column that supports the temporary upper part of the wooden beams duration of action, allowing foreman lifting to achieve fundamental changes, especially when the link between the four pillars with horizontal crossbar of the first floor.
Depending on the accounts of Engineers, the pressure on the top of the stone Missned pillar that the size of the Chateau London, directly under the Multi brakes equal to 18.70 kg / cm 2, taking into account at the same time the weight of the tower and wind. Pressure is applied to the concrete foundations on the ground, consisting of sand and gravel, does not exceed 4.5 to 5.3 kg / cm 2 depending on the columns.
Building codes [edit]
Square March from the south-east towards the north-west, each pillar of the four pillars oriented direction of the four cardinal directions. The foundations of the four pillars protected in the rules of building a square 25 meters on each side and 4 meters high, which is composed of a metal structure and industrial stones and built of reinforced concrete. It was the completion of the September 28, 1888 to 4 January 1889. Nowadays, fund buying tickets occupies the northern and western pillars, elevators are available from the eastern and western pillars. Stairs (open to the public up to the second floor, and containing in the House of Commons on the [[1665 market to the very top) are available near the eastern substrate. Finally, South substrate containing ladders private, reserved for dignitaries and customers gourmet restaurant Jules Verne, located on the second floor.
Brackets [edit]
Stretched between each column of four columns, the columns rises 39 meters above the ground is equal to 74 meters in diameter. Although the rich ornamentation on blueprints [to Heri Biloud Harry Bellod, which is less decoration in the present day. Its aim is merely decorative.
Construction of the tower [edit]
First, expect Gustave Eiffel (former engineer and professor at the Engineering iron) to be a period of about 12 months of achievement; but in fact it was to wait twice as long. The construction phase, which began on 28 January, finally ended in March 1889, before the opening of the World Expo. In the workshop, did not exceed the number of workers never 250 workers. Because a large part of the work done outside the workshop, in factories company Eiffel Blevaloa Perry. Also, among 2500000 Rivet (rivets) it contains the tower, only 1,050,846 were in the workshop industry, and this is what approves 42% of total. Most of the elements brought together in a factory for Alo Perry, in the ground, by a piece of 5 meters, strapped screws temporarily, and then permanently replaced Berchamat subject to high temperatures.
Industry and assembled the pieces were not a stroke of luck. We have 50 engineers conducted a two-year 5300 fee for each or both for each part, and every piece of her pieces 18038 rail designed descriptive. In the workshop, and in the first time, workers began building the foundations of the construction of a huge concrete and which is based on the four pillars of the said. This allowed to reduce the pressure on the ground, where the pressure is not practiced only pay a small force is estimated at 4, 5 kg / cm2 at the level of its rules.
Lifting the metal part began exactly at 1 January 1887. Men charged with the lifting of this section (Meccano) huge named soldiers (voltigeurs). It was managed by John Bannon com. Up to 30 meters high, the process of lifting the pieces are made with the help of cranes and wedge installed in the way of the elevator. Between 30 and 45 meters high, erected scaffolding (échafaudages) of wood. What overtook the 45 meters high, it was necessary to build a scaffolding erected a new, air-conditioned with 70 tons of bridges that have been used in the construction of the first floor. Achieved this link without any hindrance mentioned in the December 7, 1887 and became the use of scaffolding erected temporary unavailing, where it replaced the first surface of the first (57 meters), and then, from August 1888, replaced by the second surface (115 meters).
The first floor [edit]
Eiffel 01.png
Located just 57 meters from the Earth's surface, an area of ​​about 4200 square meters, can withstand the presence of about 3,000 people at once. Compartment surrounded by a circular shape on the first floor allows visualization of Paris in the field of 360 °. Permeate the exhibition several routing tables and telescopes to observe the views of Paris. Started in the outer face in letters of gold the names of seventy-two scientific figure in the 18th and 19th centuries (the French lived between 1789 and 1889).
It features the first floor of the Eiffel Tower Restaurant 58, which extends on two levels. This provides on the one hand, a beautiful panoramic view of Paris and another viewpoint view inside the tower. We can see some of the effects associated with the history of the Eiffel Tower, especially a piece of spiral staircases that ascend, originally, to the very top. The process of dismantling the peace in 1986, at a critical stage of renovation of the tower. Then to section 22 pieces, including 21 pieces sold at auction, and bought some Americans, mostly amateur compilation effects. Finally, note the movement of the top of the tower allows wiggle draw tower under the influence of wind and thermal expansion. Gastav Eiffel Gustave Eiffel suppose the possibility of the possibility of the tower over the vibration up to 70 centimeters, and this is what was not, in fact, because in fact at the heart of [the summer of 1976, the extent of the vibration was from 18 centimeters to 13 centimeters when endowed whirlwind December 1999 (winds of 240 km / h). However, I have Peter and Simon Simon Pierrat et Pierre Affaticati term problem merged in 1982 where some of the material from the vehicle tires .. connected to a special feature of the tower is that "escape from the sun." In fact, the heat (and thus expand the steel) is more in the sunny side, and Summit drift slightly to the contrary.
The second floor [edit]
Eiffel 02.png
There are just 115 meters from the ground, an area of ​​1650 square meters Zimbra, can carry about 1,600 people at once. On this floor are the vision of high quality, and be optimized high compared with buildings below (on the third floor be less vision) and the perspective of the public (not necessarily more limited on the first floor). When the fact that the weather net can reach the limits of visibility to 55 kilometers southward 0.60 to the north 0.65 to the east and 70 to the west.
John Lu Verne restaurant is famous gourmet restaurant with a capacity of 95 seats, and the granting of a famous star by guiding the Michelin guide Michelin, for 20/16 and three hoods in Gault Gault Millau. He has managed the restaurant Alain Ducasse team le groupe d'Alain Ducasse and reopened its doors at the end of December 2007 after 120 days of work, coordinated by Patrick Gwen Patrick Jouin. Boss, [[Pascal Terod, and assisted in Tdaoma Thirty chef and server (there are totally 90 people employed), seven days on seven. Electric elevator "special" (also used by repairers tower), leads directly to the South Pier platform area of ​​500 square meters, and 123 meters high precisely. Customers come from far away, booked by them covers for a long time, for a month of the day and night for three months.
The third floor [edit]
Eiffel 03.png
Located at an altitude of 275 meters from the ground level, an area estimated at 350 square meters, can withstand the presence of 400 people at the same time. Access is only available through the elevator (the stairs are not allowed to the public from the second floor) and overlooks the closed space punctuated by directing some of the paintings. To rise more, the visitor arrives to external platform, called Ahaana- Khto- the fourth floor.
This can be in the floor Note rebuild waxworks show Gustave Eiffel Gustave Eiffel receives Thomas Edison Thomas Edison and which promotes the idea that Gustave Eiffel used this place as an office. The historical truth is different. In fact, this place was busy by laboratory monitoring of air, before being Veraa Gustav Gustave Ferrié years in 1910 about his experiences wireless telegraph télégraphie sans fil (TSF).
In the upper part of the tower, proved column for television broadcast in 1957, then was completed in 1959 to cover the nearly 10 million home broadcasts. In January 17, 2005, was completed achievement, with the transmitter, digital terrestrial television first French TNT français, bringing the number to 116 antenna for broadcast television and radio broadcasts. Add 116 antenna which has led to increase the height of the tower from 324 meters to 325 meters and 327 meters in the March 8, 2011.
Climb to the summit [edit]
There are stairs in the tower containing 1,665 degrees, though generally only allowed to use them until the second round. Therefore, Reaching the summit is by using one of the elevators in this role. The Haman Almusaadan about 100 flights a day to and from the summit; any trip at a rate of almost 8 minutes each.
Height [edit]
Total height of the tower construction time of 300 meters (984 feet), and then added to it in the same year, Ensign, reaching a height of 312 meters (1024 feet), but after the addition of the private broadcasting antenna at the helm, has become the total height of the tower 324 meters (1063 feet), is considered one of the tallest towers in the world.
Levels of the tower [edit]
First floor: 57.63 meters (189 feet)
Second Floor: 115.75 meters (380 feet)
Third round: 276.13 meters (905.94 feet)
Overall height (antenna): 324 meters (2009 feet)

Sources and references :

1. ttp://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/chiffres/page/identite.html?id=4_14
2.  http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/dossiers/index.html?id=4_12
3. http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/structure/page/structure.html?id=4_13
4. http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/documentation/structure/page/chronologie.html

Egypt tourist landmarks

in this post we will talk about the egyptian tourist landmarks in general
which you can visit and enjoy them :

The northern coast of Matrouh and Rashid: 

German cemetery at El Alamein 
The province is one of the largest governorates of Egypt and includes about half of the coast of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea, and there to maintain a large number of tourist resorts including Marakia and Mina and Resort Marina El Alamein, this addition to the tourist resort great work is done by Emaar Properties, the UAE ..., also the city of Mersa Matruh and its environs are among the favorite destinations for the Egyptians to spend a summer vacation, and the city has witnessed in recent years, the influx of large numbers of foreign tourists, particularly Europeans on them, and contain Matrouh Governorate on the white sandy beaches and coast clean is one of the cleanest beaches of the Mediterranean Sea at all, there are also in the area of ​​El Alamein graves of World War II, which took place one of the main battles in the area of ​​El Alamein between Allied and axis forces either from the city of Rashid archaeological they are a historic city and is the third city relics in Egypt found out the Rosetta Stone, which he found one officers of the French campaign and found him in a castle in the western shore Nile Bey Citadel. In Rashid also a large number of relics, including the Mosque and the Mosque of Abu Zaghloul Mandour and mill Abu Shahin and bath Azzouz and others will be held in the current period, modification and maintenance of a large number of traces Rasheed because Rasheed archaeological city will have to map the Egyptian tourism soon. 
Shrines level and Nubia 


Balloon trips in Luxor 
In Luxor and Aswan, where Pharaonic temples on the banks of the Nile River, and is done through a river cruises in the five-star floating structures. 
Assiut 
Assiut has many of the elements of the attractions of various ages and at all levels offer them as follows: 
Pharaonic monuments 
Mir archaeological tombs located west of the village of Mir Ali Center Qusiya 65 km northwest of Assiut, comprising nine tombs carved in the mountain to be the tombs of the ancient capital of the province of princes and rulers of the fourteenth province. Walls and inscriptions characterized by simulating the amazing details of the nature and precision of all the daily business at the time. 
They Palace Tombs of Amarna tombs carved in the mountain city of Gharba- Qusiya a return to the era of the Sixth Dynasty to the era of the Twelfth Dynasty (2420-1778q.m) and all the walls are completely covered with scenes of daily life and religious rituals and there are practical statement about the early stages of the sculpture. 
Alhamaih archaeological tombs are located in the village of Badari Alhamaih south of the city and just 50 kilometers southeast of Assiut, a cowardly princes and rulers of the region tenth of the regions of Upper Egypt in the Old Kingdom and due to the end of the Fourth Dynasty (reign of Cheops) and the beginning of the Fifth Dynasty in 2560 BC 0 
Tombs of the effects of Mount Assiut Western is located in the western mountain-west of the city of Assiut, was dedicated to the rulers and princes of the region XIII through modern old state and the Central and the archaeological area of Mount Assiut western rich completely graves archaeological either which was unveiled and published in knowing archaeologists publication of a scientific or still reserved in the soles of the mountain folds between grades 0 
Tombs of Deir Aljibraoy located in the village of Deir Aljibraoy Center Abnoub and about 20 kilometers north-east of the city of Assiut, a group of tombs carved into the mountain east of the rulers and princes of the region XII during the Old Kingdom and Central which is characterized by including in respect of decorations and colorful graphics on a layer of grout sleek which retains physical integrity and nature in many parts to this day. 
Tombs of Deir Riva This area is located 12 km west of the surface of the western mountain city of Assiut, where there are rock tombs of nobles and princes province Eleventh and there are seven tombs of the Middle Kingdom and the modern state. 
Coptic monuments [edit] 
Muharraq Monastery This monastery was established in the fourth century AD, the western foot of the mountain, between about 26 and place them traveled the Holy Family in Egypt to this monastery was a great place where I stayed for about 185 days. The established Church of archaeological considered the oldest church inaugurated in the Christian world and includes the church structure, which houses the altar of stone on the surface Rkhama inscribed with writing in Greek dating back to the year 746 Meladah.weidm Fort archaeological consists of three roles, dating back to the end of the century the 6 and the beginning of the century, 7 and Hually model forts which was Ichedha King "Xenon". 
Monastery of the Virgin is located Mount Assiut west at an altitude of 100 meters from the surface of the earth 7 km south-west of the city of Assiut, overlooking the green valley directly, by the cave of archaeological dating to 2500 years BC, and the depth of about 80 meters and width of 160 m, and inside the cave church is likely that it was held in a place that has established by Holy Family where resorted to those cave after graduating from "Der Muharraq" I stayed out for a few days, to return to Bethlehem. 
Monastery of the Virgin Bedier Ganadlh this monastery is located in a large cave down the mountain west, 2 km west of the village of Deir Ganadlh Center Ghanayem, which lies about 25 km south-west of the city of Assiut. And its effects are concentrated in a number of caves and ancient Roman archaeological well from the first century. 
Monastery of the martyr Mina wonderous «monastery commentator» was established at the end of the century the 4 on the mountain east of the village Moaabdah Center Abnoub 35 km north-east of the city of Assiut, which is a cave large in the mountain and its altar carved in the rock and out of the cave, there is another church bearing the name of the Virgin Mary and the angel "Mikhail "the structure carved in the rock, and also between churches Mnhottan Ckrtin highlight of the mountain at an altitude of 170 m from the surface of the earth. It features an archaeological fortress consists of three roles. 
Monastery is located in the village of Sarabamoun Dayrout Sharif, center Dayrout 80 km north-west of the city of Assiut, and its importance is due to the tree beneath which Astzlt the Holy Family in Egypt during the passage which still exist until now. 
Islamic monuments [edit] 
Commercial agencies Ottoman three commercial agencies archaeological Islamic in nature distinct a constant, Shelby, Lutfi based on Ottoman-style two-story adorned courtyard and roof by a large window located Street Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha, the city of Assiut and the region historical returns to the Ottoman era by the shops on Trade and haberdashery and manufactures copper and fabrics various hand and its historic mosques such as Jalaluddin Suyuti Mosque and the Mosque of the Mujahideen. 
Bath constant archaeological Mohamed Mahmoud Street, located in Assiut city due to the Ottoman era which has a unique architectural style, and was used until recently in everyday use to the public and was used to the old bathing and treatment. 
Majzoub is a monumental arch bridge Majzoub water installations of the most important archaeological Assiut Governorate was established in 1251 AH during the reign of Muhammad Ali and to Egypt, which is about three eyes of the stream of water. 
Mujahideen Mosque This mosque is situated in Assiut, and is one of the oldest mosques in the city due to the time of the Ottoman Empire was built by Major General Mohammad Amir your Royal in 1120 AH (1706 AD) and is considered one of the outstanding mosques and contains most of the architectural elements known in Islamic architecture. 
Mosque Farghal established in Abu Tig 27 km south of the city of Assiut has two minarets Shahguetan a famous religious shrines in Assiut, where it serves as the owner of Imam Muhammad Farghal nicknamed authority level, who was born in 810 AH / 1407 AD and which extends attributed to the father of Imam Hassan and the proportion of the mother of Imam Hussein, may Allah be pleased with my grandson of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. 
Mosque Abu eyes village Dashlout - Center Dayrout built engineering design Badi contains two buildings main one mosque and the other by the shrine accompanied by Mr. Ibrahim Abu Eyes, who died on November 28, 1940, a grandson of Ibrahim Abu eyes bailer from Morocco to Egypt in 1926 and which extends attributed to al-Hassan bin Ali Radhi God bless him and surrounded the mosque wall of an Islamic nature and radicalized him minaret towering height. 
Umayyad Mosque «Great Mosque» is located in the west of the city of Assiut, and is one of the largest mosques dating back to the ancient Alasralamoa was developed and renovated during the reign of King Fuad I. 
Mosque detector located in the area qaysariyya archaeological sites in the city of Manfalut and established by Prince Ali Kashif Jamal al-Din in 1176 AH (1772 AD), and giving Ali mosque, added value and presence in the archaeological area business is still based on their initial making the entire region open-air museum. 
Institute of Assiut religious «Institute Fouad I» Situated in the red Assiut next to Neil Assiut area of ​​four acres and eight carats and Shman almost been laying the foundation stone to him in 1930 and took to build four years and was used for the study in 1934 and constructed buildings on an Islamic model has been inaugurated by King King Farouk of Egypt in 1939. 
Modern landmarks [edit] 
Peace Museum Square, there is a school of peace and war and peace in Assiut city museum houses a large collection of artifacts from different eras where incorporates the effects of the pre-dynastic era, Pharaonic era, Coptic and Islamic This is in addition to the effects of Sudanese and the effects of Abyssinia. 
Barrages of Assiut was established in 1902 and consists of 111 appointed in addition to the lock and length of 880 m and constructed to raise the water levels of the Nile to serve the purposes of irrigation and agriculture, which begins canal Abrahamic and up to the borders of Giza is the longest canal industry in the Middle East. 
Protected valley located Asuity Delta Valley Habib, 60 km from Assiut Assiut Hurghada on the road and an area of ​​about 5,000 acres contain Variety beside the historic nature of mining and geological structures of civilization. And there are some wild plants and rare herbs and shrubs scattered accumulate on the sides of the floodplain. And also there are herds of wild animals such as deer and rare reptiles. 
Assiut University, opened in 1957, the first regional university at the level of the Republic and includes various colleges theoretical and practical, and some higher institutes and classrooms equipped for conferences and international five-star hotel and the village of Olympic and college town and research centers of various hospitals and sophisticated serving central and southern level. 
Al-Azhar University was established in 1969 and comprises the faculties of law and the law, the fundamentals of Islam, the Arabic language, Girls Islamic sciences, human medicine, dentistry, engineering, pharmacy, agriculture, in addition to the University Hospital of education and university city, is located on a vast area, waiting for the establishment of colleges other. 
The permanent exhibition of the Regional Commission for the revitalization of tourism and is located in Marsa floating restaurants in the city of Assiut Street Revolution and includes all crafts and traditional handicrafts distinctive heritage of Assiut. 
Marina is located Assiut tourist street revolution city of Assiut, a newly created with funding from the Ministry of Tourism length of 305 m to receive floating hotels cross Cairo, Aswan and vice versa, and the marina is equipped to receive five floating hotels and they repeat at the same time. 
Marina Horus Tourism was created in 1986 with funding from the Ministry of Tourism to receive a floating hotel and one repeated. 
Sports facilities Assiut city boasts many different sports facilities that can be exploited in the establishment of local and international tournaments, including: 
Olympic Village at the University of Assiut, Mubarak Stadium Sports Mubarak neighborhood of the city of Assiut, indoor hall and bowling alley in the region of South Bmnaqbad military, sports city Assiut Cement factory, tennis courts and sports club Assiut. 
River Nile River Nile shove Assiut governorate into two halves and that the length of 160 km from the center of Dayrout Sadfa north to south, and is being run floating restaurants Luxury Cruises is doing to enjoy the natural beauty which is characterized by Neil Assiut. 
Transportation enjoys Assiut location average between the provinces of the Republic, as well as a network of roads and good transport links, there are three ways in addition to the Wilderness rail and river navigation, as well as there is in Assiut Assiut Airport and international flights it operates domestic and international. 
Luxor 
Luxor There are many tourist attractions as Wadi kings and queens and the Luxor Museum in addition to the Temple of Karnak 
Aswan 
Crystal xedit.png this section blank or incomplete, your contribution is welcome. 
MICE 
Assiut has a lot of ingredients that qualifies them to host and organize conferences in various fields due to the availability halls equipped with high potential such as large conference hall in the Office of the province and the conference rooms at the University of Assiut, in addition to a conference room in Southern Region Military Bmnaqbad. 

Religious tourism 
There are several aspects of tourism in Egypt, including the tourism of a religious nature, which include visiting sites with connotations or religious significance in the three religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, for example, multiple places of significance of Egypt's Islamic mismatch mosque of Imam Hussein, grandson of the Prophet Mohammed bin Abdullah, peace be upon him in Cairo "where there is a tomb featuring the head", in addition to historic mosques such as the Mosque of Ibn Tulun and Al-Azhar mosque and the walls of historic Cairo and the Citadel of Saladin, and there are sites of religious significance Christian church of St. Sergius, which resorted to the Holy Family during the resort to Egypt and the Hanging Church and Monastery of St. Catherine's Monastery Saint Anthony, founder of monasticism and Deir Anba Paula in the Red Sea, as well as the Monastery of the Virgin Mary Muharraq Monastery Dronka in Assiut and many monasteries and churches, archaeological innumerable There is also sites of religious significance Jewish in Egypt, such as Mount Moses in the Sinai synagogue Ben Ezra in ancient Egypt in Cairo where there is a deep well adjacent to the Jews believe "that the mother of the Prophet Moses was in store for fear of the Pharaoh" and synagogue Shaarei Hmaam "heaven's Gate" in central Cairo synagogue and Yahoo Hanaba Prophet Daniel Street, Menasha and synagogue in Alexandria. 
Islamic religious shrines 

In Egypt, a lot of mosques and mosques important historical, including the mosque al-Hakim, as well as mosques, Al al-Bayt, including the mosque Hussein (AS) and Ms. Zainab (AS) as there are mosques in other historical ones Rifai mosque who was buried where members of the royal family, and the collector Mohammed Ali, one of the the most important points in the programs organized by the tourist companies.

References :

Egypt achieved an advanced rank in the global tourism competitiveness index 

  Alexandria Hotels Guide